IC Engine Major Parts and Its Function, Materials ,Manufacturing Method

S/NO	NAME OF THE PART	MATERIAL	FUNCTION	METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
1	Cylinder	Hard grade cast iron	Contains gas under pressure and guides the piston.	Casting
2	Cylinder Head	Cast Iron or Aluminum	Main function is to seal the working end of the cylinder and not to permit entry and exit of the gases on overhead values engines.	Casting and forging.
3	Piston	Cast iron or Aluminum	It acts as a face to receive gas pressure and transmits the trust to the connecting rod.	Casting and forging
4	Piston rings	Cast iron	Their main function is to provide a good sealing between the piston and cylinder.	Casting
5	Gudgeon pin	Hardened Steel	It supports and allows the connecting rod to swivel.	Forging.
6	Connecting Rod	Alloy steel, for small engines the material may be aluminum	It transmits the piston load to the crank , causing the later to turn, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft.	Forging.
7	Crankshaft	In generally the crankshaft is made up of high tensile forging , but special cast irons are sometimes used to produce a light weight crankshaft that does not required a lot of machining.	It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion.	Forging.
8	Main Bearings	The typical bearing half is made of steel or bronze back to which a lining of relatively soft bearing material is applied.	The function of bearing is to reduce the friction and allow the parts to move easily.	Casting
9	Flywheel	Steel or cast iron	In engines it takes care of fluctuations of speed during thermodynamic cycle.	Casting
10	Inlet Values	Silicon chrome steel with about 3% of carbon.	Admits the air or mixture of air and fuel into the engine cylinder	Forging
11	Exhaust Values	Austenitic Steel	Discharges the product of combustion	Forging
12	Fly wheel	Cast Iron	A Flywheel is secured on the crankshaft. The main function of flywheel is to rotate the shaft during preparatory stroke. It is also crankshaft rotation more uniform.	Casting.
13	Spark Plug	Manufacturing Method of spark plug is little bit different from other parts of engine. Each major element of the spark plug—the center electrode, the side electrode, the insulator, and the shell—is manufactured in a continuous in-line assembly process. Then, the side electrode is attached to the shell and the center electrode is fitted inside the insulator.	The main function of a spark plug is to conduct the high potential from the ignition system into the combustion chamber. It provides the proper gap across which spark is produced by applying high voltage , to ignite the mixture in the ignition chamber.	Many different parts are assembled into a single unit.